“To the Lighthouse” by Virginia Woolf

After reading “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?” I thought it would be FUN to read a little bit of the beast herself. So, I took a trip to a used bookstore and found a copy of “To the Lighthouse” by Virginia Woolf which is #987 on the list of Books to Read Before You Die.

It was cheap.

By “cheap” I mean the bookstore paid me to take it. They seemed happy to see it go. “Finally,” the cashier mumbled, reaching into her pocket and tossing a pinch of confetti onto the counter by way of celebration.

Since finishing the book, I’ve been struggling to figure out a way to talk about it in a positive way. I don’t think I’ve landed on the perfect “format” for a blog like this, but one thing I don’t want is for this to be the sort of thing that rips books apart for their perceived failings. I’d rather it be something that focuses on the positive. A “Ted Lasso” sort of book blog, even if I constantly struggle to maintain that positivity.

“Barbecue sauce!”

Let Me Think About It

Honestly, though, I did not enjoy “To the Lighthouse.” Reading it was more work than my actual job, and I kept losing the thread and having to back up a page or so to reread parts. Was I distracted by how stressed I am due to work and personal stuff? Sure. But, based on what I’ve read, I’m not alone in finding my mind wandering when reading Virginia Woolf.

The issue is that Woolf is a Modernist author who is most famous for exploring “stream of consciousness” writing. Born in London in 1882, Woolf was raised in a wealthy family and began writing at the age of 18. Her first book was published in 1915 and she continued writing nearly until her death in 1941. “To the Lighthouse” was published in 1927 and examined one large family’s attempt to … visit a nearby lighthouse?

That’s actually the plot?

Anyways. This part of thee early 20th century was Prime Time for Modernists, who reacted to the literary establishment by testing out new forms and narrative styles. A whole slew of young authors seemed to collectively rise up and shout, “F you, Dickens! We’ll do was we damned well please!” I’m sure it didn’t hurt matters that Woolf was wealthy enough to start her own publishing company, Hogarth Press.

Essentially, Woolf wanted to try new things, so she got all caught up in trying to write in a way that captured the inner workings of her characters. I heard that she used to sit around and think about thinking metacognitive reflection — and would use that in her writing.

Marcel Proust probably did the same thing, but he did it in bed while thinking about his mom.

“I don’t WANNA get up and YOU CAN’T MAKE ME.”

You Got Psyched Out

Was Woolf taking an important step in the development of modern literature? Absolutely. In a sense, “stream of consciousness” is an attempt to marry literature and psychology. Woolf literally tried to get into the heads of her characters, embracing the difficulty of it and the way thoughts seem to form as if out of thin air, inexplicable and confounding.

There are two problems with this, in my opinion.

First, you can’t ever accurately capture a person’s thoughts. (I’m secretly solipsistic, it turns out.) Virginia Woolf didn’t know that, of course, and it shouldn’t have stopped her from trying, but the fact of the matter is that our experiences are our own and understanding — truly understanding — the perspective of another person is nearly impossible.

What we’re getting in Lighthouse is how Virginia Woolf thinks people think, and that is represented in the printed word, which doesn’t ever accurately portray its subject matter. It’s a fallacy within a fallacy, a wheel within a wheel.

The second problem with stream of consciousness is that it’s just bad writing.

“HOW DARE YOU!?! WARGARHARBLARGH!”

Before you get up in arms at my disparaging a literary titan, let me explain what I mean; stream of consciousness is often riddled with run-on sentences. It’s one nonsensical aspect of trying to capture “consciousness” that a lot of Modernists fall into.

Check out this monstrosity:

“Also the sea tosses itself and breaks itself, and should any sleeper fancying that he might find on the beach an answer to his doubts, a sharer of his solitude, throw off his bedclothes and go down by himself to walk on the sand, no image with semblance of serving and divine promptitude comes readily to hand bringing the night to order and making the world reflect the compass of the soul.”

I just typed all that and I still feel like I’m not understanding the thought process that’s going on. I mean, if you get it, great. Maybe it resonates with some people. But it’s work to read, and literary diarrhea like that is half the reason I lean towards minimalism.

It reminds me of the parable of the avant-garde violinist.

“Get ready to have your ASSES BLOWN OUT.”

Once Upon A Time…

…there was a violinist whose skill and knowledge of the violin surpassed all others. He lived and breathed his instrument; when he slept, he kept it clutched to his chest; when he ate, he wiped crumbs off its lacquered surface; even when he bathed, the violin was not far from his reach.

Nobody, the violinist figured, had ever truly explored the sounds of which his instrument was capable. So, he began composing.

Typical music notation was of no use to him — the violin, he knew, could play notes between the notes — and the blazing speed and languid slowness of which it was capable could not be expressed on paper. No pen could write the sound of his nails scratching the wood or the creaking of the violin’s neck as it was brought close to snapping. You could not write the sound of a pen knife slowly cutting through the strings. No; his compositions could only ever exist in his mind, and there they burned.

The songs he composed tested the limits of not only music theory but the tensile strengths of wood and gut. He played notes higher than any you’d ever heard, and notes so low that fog horns grew envious. He played notes that droned on and on for weeks, and some notes that were over so quickly you weren’t sure if you’d heard anything at all. He tapped on the violin’s back with a hammer and slapped the instrument into shallow water, creating sounds no one had ever dreamt of.

A work of genius forever confounds.

One evening, he put on a concert that was to be the grandest performance of the violin ever to grace a stage. In the audience were countless celebrities & politicians, along with world-famous musicians & composers. Bach was there, along with Chopin, and Beethoven too. Impossible! you say?That’s just how unique this violinist was.

The violinist soared that night. He leapt and he twirled and from the violin issued an unimaginable cacophony. When he was finished, he was covered in sweat, tears, and not just a little blood. The violin lay in ruin at his feet like the body of a conquered enemy.

And when the last note echoed through the concert hall and out across the open sea, nobody clapped. Nobody cheered and nobody cried “Bravo!”

Because, as technically masterful as it might have been, in the end it was just two hours violent noise that nobody could understand.

Who ever heard of such a thing?

The point, of course, is that the avant-garde might be appreciated by some, but even if you’re the absolute BEST at what you do, the end result might not be appreciated.

Did Virginia Woolf achieve something by trying to get into the heads of her characters using stream of consciousness? Sure she did, but to a lot of us it sounds like a madman whacking a violin with a hammer while mumbling, “Listen to how unique it sounds!”

When sometimes all you want is a song you can dance to.

Here’s Virginia Woolf on Goodreads.

“Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?” by Edward Albee

While I know that “books” (in the broadest sense) are just a bunch of pages that are put together with glue or string and bound in cloth or leather or human skin or what-have-you, I’ve always found it a little strange to refer to a play as a book. That’s why I find it a bit … surprising that “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf” appears as number 11 on the list of 1,000 Books to Read Before You Die. Woolf isn’t a book. It’s a play.

The difference, to me, is that plays (when they are printed) are missing fundamental information that would be presented in a book. Namely, they lack prose, which is an essential building block of a narrative. Plays are spoken word and minimal direction intended to be performed on a stage. They are purposefully left open to interpretation, with one production being different than another.

This isn’t to say that they aren’t important. It’s easy to see why Edward Albee’s play, first performed in 1962, is significant. But I don’t feel that I fully got it until I’d both read the book and seen a production of the play itself. (Or, in this case, a movie of it.)

Elizabeth Taylor was actually drunk for most of the filming. #facts

There was a lot of subtle characterization — things like blocking, facial expressions, inflection — that you don’t get from the text. Seeing it performed really makes the thing come alive.

An Absolute Freud

There’s a line in the sand when it comes to being a serious reader of literature, and that line goes by the name LITERARY THEORY. I recognize why many people don’t want to cross that line — some of the most avid readers I’ve ever known have never bothered to concern themselves with LITERARY THEORY and, to be honest, they are happier staying in that particular section of the desert.

Hell, I have a degree in English Writing & Rhetoric and I barely think studying LITERARY THEORY is worth the effort. Those discussions just don’t seem to be happening anymore. Or, more aptly, things have gotten so goddamned fractured that any conversation about LITERARY THEORY lacks a fundamental vernacular.

Harold Bloom is dead and he isn’t coming back.

Or was Harold Bloom ever really there in the first place?

There are certain works, though, that beg to be viewed through a certain lens, and “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf” is one of them. It seems to me that Edward Albee was just dying to talk to someone about Freudian Analysis, couldn’t find anybody to chat with, and so wrote a play out of frustration.

Talking about Freudian Analysis is difficult, though. Not only because modern psychology has largely moved on from Freud, but also because nobody understands how or why we should read books utilizing that theory. I dare you, however, to approach “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf” without thinking to yourself, “Just what in the hell is wrong with these people?”

The Theatre in Your Head

The way I wish I’d had LITERARY THEORY explained to me is this: There’s a theatre in your head and it’s full of all the people you’ve ever met, heard about, or thought you knew. Your parents are in there and so are your siblings. Your teachers are in there along with your friends, coworkers, and neighbors.

They see everything you see and read everything you read. It appears as if on a screen before them, and they sit comfortably munching on popcorn and slurping diet soda while enjoying the show.

“This movie SUCKS!”

Every now and then, you come across a movie or TV show or a book and you think, “By golly, Dad would love this.” You think so because you have a clear understanding of good ol’ Dad and you know what would turn his crank. In your head, that little version of your father stands up in the theatre and cheers.

“Bravo!” he cries.

Alternatively, sometimes you see something Dad would hate, and your little head-pappy starts throwing ice cubes at the screen.

“Filth!” he roars as a little version of your mom tells him to pipe down and grips his leg so tight her nails almost cut him.

“Typical,” your brother mumbles.

LITERARY THEORY is just a way of thinking about how certain groups of people would respond to whatever you’re reading. You try to see a work through the eyes of somebody else, respond to it the way the would respond to it, etc.

So, when we say we’re going to consider “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf” through the lens of Freudian Literary Theory, all we mean is that we’re reading the book as if there’s a little psychoanalyst sitting in our head-theatre chiming in about what we’re reading.

“Mind if I smoke?”

A Night of Fun and Games

“Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?” features four characters. There’s George (a college professor) and Martha (the Dean’s daughter), an older married couple, who have invited Nick and Honey over to their house for drinks late one night after a faculty mixer. The only problem seems to be that George and Martha are both certifiable (in a literal sense) and are intent upon tormenting each other for their perceived failures and shortcomings. Every quip in the fast-paced dialogue is a barb meant to incite a drastic response as George and Martha use the younger married couple in their attempts to humiliate one another.

They think of this torment, which seemingly happens with great regularity, as a kind of “game” that they play. While the torment is real and both George and Martha say things that are so abysmally cruel, this is all just part of who they are. They’ve been doing it for quite some time, and they don’t show signs of stopping.

One of them leaving the other would be an easy, sure-fire way to fix their problems, but that seems to be against the rules of the game.

Do they really love each other? That’s up for debate. But they are dedicated, and often that is enough.

Afraid of Virginia Woolf? You will be. You will be.

The four lunatics drink and drink and drink the night away and readers are left feeling second-hand embarrassment as George taunts Martha and Martha taunts George. Some of the scenes are just so goddamned uncomfortable that it strains believability. Right around the time George tells Nick that he thinks Honey is “slim-hipped” is when Nick and/or Honey should have just gone home.

But for some reason they don’t. Even when Martha starts grinding on Nick and George just sits there pretending it doesn’t bother him. (It can’t bother him, don’t you see! He’d lose the game if it bothered him.)

Eventually, the sources of their psychological trauma are revealed and we begin to see a picture of why they’re doing what they’re doing. I won’t spoil it for you, because it is a fairly good twist, but astute readers will see it coming.

The Freudian Slip

As to why this play begs to be read through the lens of Freudian Literary Analysis has to do with several of the elements of psychoanalysis. There are themes and imagery of repressed memories and the unconscious mind. There’s the Uncanny, and the mother (ba-dop CHING!) of Oedipal Complexes. The play oozes sexuality at several points and readers can’t help but see themselves within the characters and begin to psychoanalyze themselves in the process.

Essentially, a little Sigmund Freud sits in your head-theatre in a smoking jacket and mumbling, “What is wrong with these people? Is it a symptom of a broader psychological malady that has infected the whole of 1960’s America? Or, perhaps, is it representative of our own inner desires to murder our fathers?”

Then everyone else shushes him and demands that he puts out his goddamned pipe. “You can see Liz Taylor’s cleavage!” your dad stage whispers.

“No, YOU’RE a floozy!”

All in All

People in the 1960’s were nuts for psychoanalysis and seemingly thought we were somehow going to unlock the mysteries of the mind by carefully analyzing the way people speak and act. Edward Albee thought about it so hard he gave himself fits. And while there might be some elements of truth to it, as much as we might wish we could understand why we’re all so messed up, Nick and Honey would have left that shitty party as soon as they got there. Liz Taylor or no Liz Taylor, it was an awful party, and that schtick with the umbrella gun was a straight up dick move. Nobody would stick around to receive such abuse, and even if they did, there would have been more punches or at least some biting.

“Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?” is worth checking out, but, if you read it, you’ll run the risk of starting to psychoanalyze yourself and that’s a fool’s gambit. Only suckers try to therapize themselves.

Did I say that?

Anyway, you can read the whole thing in an hour, which ain’t bad.